How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is just a child's issue but it can affect adults. Finding a doctor and treating ADHD can improve the quality of life of a person.
Interviewing the individual and their family members can be a part of an evaluation for ADHD. The doctor may also look over old school records in order to determine if symptoms began as an infant.
Signs and symptoms
Everyone struggles with concentration and staying well-organized from time to time however, for those who has ADHD the issues can be a hindrance with school, work and family life. A person must exhibit major symptoms in two of these areas and they must be able to significantly impact the way they function in their daily lives to be diagnosed with ADHD. The symptoms must also have been present for at least six months.
To establish a diagnosis doctors will talk to the patient about their symptoms and inquire about family history and medical conditions. They may also use rating systems to assess symptoms in adults and children. These types of questionnaires are typically based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They ask about the symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity.
Adults may be asked to speak with their significant other or someone who knows them well. More Support is not a way to doubt the patient's honesty, but to gain more insight about their behavior that can't be gained from an interview. They may ask about childhood behavior and refer to old school records in order to determine if symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before determining a diagnosis the doctor will perform a physical exam and do lab tests to rule out any other health issues, like thyroid problems or head injuries which can trigger similar symptoms. The doctor will also go over the medication list of a patient. Doctors will look at the interactions between stimulants and specific medications prescribed for depression, high blood pressure, and other issues. It is crucial that adults speak with their primary healthcare provider when they suspect they have ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD symptoms must be present in more than one setting (like home, school and at work) and significantly interfere with functioning. The symptoms must be evident before the age of 12 and must not be caused by a different disorder, such as anxiety or depression.
A doctor or mental health professional will employ a variety tools during the evaluation, including ADHD symptom checklists as well as standardized behavior rating scales and a detailed medical history. They may also interview friends and family members to determine how the individual's symptoms have affected them. They'll ask whether the symptoms are similar to other mental health conditions or physical ailments.
Evaluators will take into account whether the symptoms are mild moderate, severe or even mild. They will also look at the medical history of the patient and family history to determine if there is no root cause for their issues, such as thyroid disorders, head injuries or medication.
In some cases the evaluator may want to conduct a cognitive test or request the person undergo an imaging test to rule out other causes for their symptoms, such as learning disabilities. People who suffer from these issues typically present differently than those who don't have them. For instance, boys tend to show hyperactive symptoms and girls exhibit inattention symptoms.
Some people with ADHD are interested in participating in a clinical trial to test new treatments. While this is an excellent way to help further research, it's important for participants to know that the main purpose of these studies is to gain scientific knowledge and do not necessarily guarantee that they will receive treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more information on clinical trials.
Treatment
For a person who suspects they have ADHD it is important to find a specialist trained in diagnosing the disorder. Ask your health insurance provider if ADHD specialists will be covered. You could also ask your family physician or other healthcare professionals for recommendations. Also, word-of mouth referrals are a great option.
A doctor will interview the patient -or their parents, in the case of children -- about the symptoms. She might use checklists with standardized criteria or ADHD symptoms, and may also ask other people in the patient's life for information like their spouses and their families. Personal experience often reveals more than what can be learned from questionnaires.
A specialist will also need to examine any records the person might have, particularly old school reports. Often, the diagnosis of ADHD is determined by the history of a person and, in order in order to be diagnosed with the condition, symptoms must be present since childhood (technically prior to age 12).
A physical exam is also typically performed. It's also a way to check for other medical conditions which could cause symptoms, like seizures or thyroid problems. A neurological examination is often performed by a specialist to assess motor control and coordination. Psychological tests, designed to measure intelligence and ability, might be utilized as well. Additionally, a person might be asked to complete simple computer tasks to test memory and attention. This could help an expert determine whether the person is hyperactive or inattentive. The expert will decide on a diagnosis and recommend treatment. Typically, the treatment plan includes medication and therapy. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy can teach adults as well as children healthy coping techniques and change unhelpful thinking patterns. The therapy can be offered by a primary physician or a mental healthcare professional who is a specialist in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD are helped by medication. However, this is not the only method of treating the condition. Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, or a combination of both can be beneficial for children, teens, and adults. These therapies aid them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and learn how to live with the symptoms. Psychoeducation, or education about ADHD and how to manage it, may be included. They can also involve teachers, family members, and other professionals.
It's important to locate a health care provider or mental health professional with previous experience treating ADHD. You can seek recommendations from other people with ADHD or from a mental health provider you already know, or perform an online search. It's important to find a specialist familiar with your insurance.
To determine if your child has ADHD or other disorders, your health care provider will ask about your your child's symptoms and problems caused by the condition. They will perform a physical examination and check for any other health conditions that may cause similar symptoms. They will go over your or your child's medical and family history, school records and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V) that is primarily designed to diagnose children and adolescents, has a harder to diagnose ADHD in adults. Your health care provider may interview you or your children about their symptoms and ask others who spend a lot of time with them fill out checklists and questionnaires. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants such as methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and atomox as well as non-stimulants like atomoxetine as well as certain antidepressants. They function by increasing and balancing the levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people with ADHD suffer from comorbid disorders like anxiety or depression. Treatment should therefore include therapy that targets these issues. Some patients may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which teaches skills such as time and task management, emotional self-regulation and impulse control.
Therapists can also assist patients in managing their symptoms through lifestyle adjustments. For instance exercising regularly can help reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthy diet is essential as well. People suffering from ADHD tend eat more sugar and fat, and less fruits and vegetables. Making social and family relationships priority can help reduce anxiety and make people feel more in charge of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can help children and adults better comprehend their difficulties. A child suffering from ADHD may have trouble communicating their demands to their teachers or other peers. Once a teacher understands that this is not a personal issue or because of their inability to communicate, they can provide accommodations.
A professional who conducts an ADHD evaluation will ask questions that are geared towards the person's age, interview teachers and family members and review medical records and check for comorbid conditions. For adults, records from school could be helpful in determining if the ADHD symptoms began before age.
The expert will also check for any vision or hearing issues with hearing or vision. The doctor may also perform tests on the blood to check for certain hormones as well as other health conditions that can cause symptoms of ADHD.